Utilization of 14c Phenylalanine Derived from Arylphorin or Free Amino

UTILIZATION OF {14C} PHENYLALANINE DERIVED FROM ARYLPHORIN OR FREE AMINO ACID IN MANDUCA SEXTA PHARATE ADULTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE PAPER How did someone figure out that carbon dioxide in the bloodstream is exchanged for oxygen in the lungs of mammals? And how do we know that hormones are produced by, for example, the pituitary gland and, moreover, that these hormones signal the body to grow. These and many other questions have been answered by means of the scientific method. Scientists form hypotheses, experiment, collect data, and draw conclusions from this data that is then applied to answering questions about that certain topic. Some research seems to be obselete and/or practically useless, only to come into the picture years or decades later and shift the field of science. Although at times it is difficult to say what the repercussions of a particular study will be, it is not uncommon for that very study to play a key role in a major scientific breakthrough later. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind that although a particular study may not seem to be important at the time, later it could be the most signifi cant study in the field. This study performed by Min Wu and Dr. Marc E. Tischler, at first glance may appear to have a narrow focus, but upon furthur consideration, one realizes that its findings have applications to any number of related topics. In this experiment, Wu and Tischler tracked what paths a specific protein, arylophorin, and followed its production and distribution throughout the body of Manduca sexta pharate adults. Their first goal was to determine the most efficient method for producing radioactively labeled arylophorin, called 14C-Arylphorin. Their second goal, and purpose of the experime... ...test) difficulty of the experiment--finding the right conditions from which the highest (or most acceptable) specific activity could be achieved. After much experimentation it was determined that incubating one-half fat body in 1 ml of medium (0.15 mM of labeled phenylalanine and amino acids at 25% normal level in Grace's medium) for 15-24 hours, chasing labeled phenylalanine after one hour with unlabeled phenylalanine, yielded most desirable results. Temperature was shown to have little or no affect on the results, so room temperature was used in further experimentation and final implementation in achieving high specific activity (more convenient). REFERENCES Tischler, Marc E., Wu, Min. (1995) Utilization of 14C Phenylalanine Derived From Arylphorin or Free Amino Acid in Manduca sexta Pharate Adults. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology pgs.258-272.

Love’s Pain Is Its Own Redemption Essay

â€Å"What is love?† According to Joseph Rey F. Celestino, M.A, this is a question that excites and stirs a thousand fold of other questions in our minds. That’s a verbatim of what he had said in an article he made, called Love’s Pain is It’s Own Redemption. It is an article that opened my eyes to the reality of love. It’s an article that never seizes to amaze me, to amuse me, to make me question my beliefs, and change my views and opinions (in a good way), no matter how many times I read it. It continues to serve as an instrument of wonder, challenging me to go out, explore, and experience the magic, the marvel, and the astounding beauty of love. It’s an article about the enticing world something that we all know of, but only get a glimpse of its true form. I have never viewed love in a way that’s even just a tiny bit close to the way I see it now. I gained a deeper understanding of how love moves and works, but I know that I still have a long way to go before I figure out what love really is, or who knows? Maybe I’ll never find the right words to define what it is. Maybe I’ll never know what love means. The possibilities are endless. But this article is my guide, so that I won’t get lost, as I start my quest on finding clues that might lead me to the answers I’ve been looking for, to questions I never thought I would ever ask, about things I never thought I‘d be curious about. According to the author, â€Å"What is love?† is a question that knows no barriers, knows no bounds, and knows no age and generation. He also made a statement which I find very agreeable. He said that â€Å"love is the most celebrated theme of human existence (†¦)† I wholeheartedly agree with this statement. No matter who you are, where you’re from, how old you are, or what gender you are, you absolutely, positively have something to say about something is related to love, or when love itself is being talked about. We each have our own views and opinions regarding love. These may be brought about by mere experiences, or our beliefs, or other factors that may affect or form our ideas and judgments. He further stated that the untangled web of mystery of love is what binds us all. He said that â€Å"As we are drawn to the nearness of its answer, the more that we find ourselves confused and puzzled.† Pertaining to the question being discussed. He explained how love or the question of what it is, is in fact too close to being a paradoxical phenomena. Maybe that’s why people try so hard to find a definition for love. Maybe that’s why people try to put love in words. Because people do not want things and questions left unanswered and undefined. Being curious is in our nature. We hunger and thirst for answers to things we do not even fully understand. We find it hard to â€Å"let things be†. Because we exist questioningly. And we do not easily let things go. That’s why, each of us, whether we say it or not, has our own definition of love. We on our own try to define it, or share our ideas about it to find common things with others’ ideas, and formulate a concrete explanation or definition of love. For what reasons, there may be a lot. But the point is, the mere presence of love in a conversation, or discussion, or anything, really, we automatically get excited and pay attention, because we want to know what it is. The author, through the article, further explained thing about love that might deepen, or cut our curiosity about it. He explained that the on-going controversy about the definition of love is not new to the world. He said that that controversy went even way, way back before some of us existed. He said that Philosophy has been trying to reckon prominent questions, such as â€Å"Is love and unanswerable question, or an unquestionable answer?†, and â€Å"Why is there love, rather than no love at all?†. As I said earlier, according to the author, Philosophy has been trying to reckon these questions for more than two and a half millennia of its existence. This means that Philosophy has been trying to approach these problems for over 2,000 years. He further stated that Socrates and Plato, on the one hand, and the poetic movement led by Homer, on the other hand, opened their respective conversation tables on the subjects of love and intimacy in that ancient far away. He also said that scholars of the present day, still linger on the ideas left by these past masters. Countless books have already been published, (and still publishing), of millions of films have already been produced, just to give us an inch of hope or a glimpse of the definition, or the answers to the questions about love. It’s taking so long, for people to find love’s meaning. And yet, we never get tired. With each experience we gain, we get bits and pieces of ideas of how we can define love. But still, despite all efforts given by our ancestors, and us, people in the present, we only see a blur, of loves true form. Maybe it’s about time we stop trying to define love, and just let it be. Let love be love. Maybe, we should start experiencing it, and enjoying it, instead of stressing ourselves trying to find meaning to something this mysterious, this big, this amazing. Yes, maybe we should do that. But there’s something about trying to define love, that gives us this sense of satisfaction, because that more we try to find meaning for it, the more we get to experience it. Our hearts burst with so much happiness when we know that we are in the presence of love. Mr. Celestino, got into a deeper explanation of tons more interesting topics, like, the myths created by society, about love, about Aristophanes’ narrative that concerns human relationship, and a lot more, Part of this â€Å"a lot more† topics included on of my favorite arguments ever. Love at first sight. I have never been a believer of love at first sight. This may sound offensive to those who believe, but, I think the idea is pretty unrealistic. Yes, it’s a really good idea. I mean, wouldn’t it be nice to see someone and automatically know that that person is â€Å"the one†? Isn’t that what happens in most romantic movies? Two people just happens to be in the same place,, at the same time, and look at each other at the same moment. They look into each other’s eyes, and poof! They’re in love. It would be nice. I really would. But as I said earlier, that’s what happens in most movies. That’s what happens in most r omantic books or novels, even. These are made to tickle our systems and trick us into believing that these things could actually happen in to us real life. Truthfully speaking, nothing that perfectly constructed, and well-made could happen in real life. We exist in reality. We don’t live in some 2-hour-or-so film that is so beautifully made, it may be close to perfection. That’s not how life works. That’s not reality is all about. On the contrary, in reality, nothing happens the way we imagine it would, let alone like what would happen in films or books. That’s exactly why people make films and movies. They make things that they imagine come to life. They make their imaginations seem real, by putting them into films or books. This is where people get the concept of love at first sight. And upon reading through the article, I just found more proof to what I believe in. Mr Celestino said that there is no such thing as love at first sight. In verbatim, he said â€Å"Love does not bite on a first sight.† He explained that â€Å"The presence of the other that is brought to one’s sight appears as an assembly of physical qualities and in turn, the one beholding such sight finds himself or herself being caught in a feeling that is simply stated as attraction.† This statement sums up my thoughts, and puts them into words. As I most commonly say it, â€Å"Love takes time. Baka infatuation lang yan.† He further explained that the attraction brought about or formed by meeting or seeing someone particularly attractive, may breathe two things. Infatuation and affection. He said that infatuation is a shadow of love’s true form. He said that infatuation is confined as mere liking of corporeal qualities that are usually pleasing aesthetically to one’s sight for a short-lived time. Affection, on the other hand is love in its potential state. Affection is something that may grow to be love. Love is neither infatuation, nor is it affection. Although affection may grow to be love, it is not love. At least, not yet. These two are commonly mistaken to be love. But as I always say, â€Å"love takes time.† It doesn’t happen in a blink of an eye. He explained other topics, like the famous clichà ©s, â€Å"Love is blind†, â€Å"First love never dies†, what love is in the Philippines, and another one of my favorite topics, rejection. According to the article, â€Å"Rejection is painful but it is liberating in the sense that the self that is being refused is set free to reclaim himself/herself in order to heal the wounded soul and to love again when the right time comes.† Yes, love is liberating, it may take some time to make all the pain go away, because nothing hurts more than the refusal of one to receive the self that is being offered. It traps the soul of the lover into a world of agony and pain, and sometimes, the lover finds no other meaning in life, since he and his love had been rejected. This is why rejection is crucial in a lover’s life. Simply because the pain inflicted to that person, may cost him his very life. The author also explained what pain is, and what it’s all about, selfishness, and divorce and separation, how God’s love for humanity, and Christ’s crucifixion is the concretion of love in an ultimate sense. And he ended this beautiful article with a just conclusion, he said, â€Å"To love, therefore, is to face even what is uncalled for and to manifest unselfish goodwill towards the other. It could be painful in the process but love will find a way to surpass it. That is why there is resurrection in every instance of death.† I was left with no words, as I reached the last page of the article. It was beautiful, breathtaking, and heart stopping. It spoke from a view that is totally different from others. And it may still not contain answers to my question, but it made me hunger for more, thirst for answers, and crave for the experience of love in it’s fullest. For me, to earn a symbiotic and intact relationship, there are a lot of values needed. Love, as there core, with others such as trust, understanding, disciple, respect, etc. In spite of all these, I think a symbiotic relationships would not exist without respect. Because, well, love and respect would not be right without one another. If you love someone, you are going to respect him/her. And the everything else will follow. Respect comes with trust, and understanding. If you respect a person, you will trust him, that he/she’s doing things for the better. You would come to a deeper understanding because you respect each other, and each other’s opinions. You will be discipline, because you respect your loved one, and if you respect them, you won’t do anything that would bring them harm. All, in all, I think respect is an essential in a mutual loving relationship. After reading the article, honestly, I was left with no words. I was too breathless, too astonished, too bewildered to even speak. I had to process my thoughts, and get the thoughts of the author in synced with my own. I had to clear my head and catch my breath. I’m not saying that the article gave me too much to handle. All I’m trying to say is that the article is something different from all others that I have read. And now that it’s been a while since I last read the article, I can finally confide with my thoughts and put them into words. After reading this article, I have learned so much, and I can easily say that I have more knowledge about love than I could ever imagine. I never thought I’d see myself writing this essay about love, (which isn’t really my specialty), yet here I am, close to my fourth page. I never knew I had so much to say about love until now. I never knew the impact and effect that article had on me. And all my thoughts, put into a statement after reading Love’s Pain is Its Own Redemption is found in the very first sentence of this entire essay. It seems to me like I just went back to where I started, and let me state (or ask) it again. â€Å"What is love?† I learned that no matter how hard we try to define love, it’s just too big of a paradox to start with. It’s too broad of an idea to put in just a few words in the dictionary. It’s too extraordinary to try and figure out. It’s to magical, to be given any scientific explanation. So I want to end my essay the way I started it. After reading the article written by Joseph Rey Celestino, M.A., I’m left with only one question (and a gazillion more underneath it). What is love?

Why Gun Violence is Getting Worse - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2244 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Violence Essay Did you like this example? Guns are the reason for most homicides in america, they cause more and more damage each year, and recently in the past few years it has gotten worse due to mass shootings.So far this year only there has been about 307 mass shooting in America. The number of people who die do to gun violence is 96 and about 250 people get shot and survive. Overall, 64 percent of deaths were determined to be homicides, while an additional 27 percent were suicides and 9 percent were accidental shootings(Santhanam). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Gun Violence is Getting Worse" essay for you Create order This is the horrifying statistics of this country and yet, there is no major changes made. Although many people feel like guns area big part of protection, its only causing more and more madness by the day and getting it under control will save many lives. If there is new gun laws passed, that gives the people of this country insurance that innocent people wont continuously lose their life. Growing up and going to public elementary/schools, I am grateful nothing of such tragedy like school shootings has ever happened when I was there, but I cant help and think that there is innocent children losing their lives at such a young age from gun violence at a place where your expected to feel safe. This year one of the biggest school shooting was in Florida on Wednesday, February 14. A student at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School named Nicolas Cruz, came to school where he opened fire killing 14 student and 3 teachers. The gun, a Smith Wesson MP 15 .223, was purchased at Sunrise Tactical Supply, according to the Associated Press.Federal law allows people 18 and older to legally purchase long guns, including this kind of assault weapon. With no criminal record, Cruz cleared an instant background check via the FBI criminal database (Jansen). He was not even asked questions because he passed a simple background check, this and many other incidence should have brought awareness to congress that you should only have to be 18 and have a clear background in order to go out and purchase such a dangerous weapon. There should be more than just background checks in order to purchase a gun, for example mental health is important and having mental illness can be dangerous to have and dangerous towards other people if you dont receive the help that you need. The reality is that most people with personality disorders do not seek treatment and are not known to mental health providers(Mental illness and gun laws: What you may not know about the complexities.) People even fail to acknowledge their mental illnesses because of the society we live in, and I honestly dont blame them either because most people believe that they will get bullied and made fun of by others, but by getting the help they need it might not reach a point where they might want to harm themselves or others. Its important to note that those with diagnosed serious mental illness, who are determined by a psychiatrist to be a serious risk of harm to themselves or others, already get admitted to acute or long-term inpatient care and are kept there until they are deemed not dangerous (Mental illness and gun laws: What you may not know about the complexities.) Can it be that hard for congress to make a law to ban guns that would actually help benefit people? I strongly believe that adding this simple law would save hundreds of people from hurting themselves or hurting others. Most gun and shooting accidents involve children who find unsecured, loaded guns around the house or in the family car. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement says, The absence of guns from childrens homes and communities is the most reliable and effective measure to prevent firearm-related injuries in children and adolescents. However, many families have firearms at home and gun ownership has not decreased in recent years( Iannelli.) Parents are getting these firearms for protection but in result loosing their own children because they are not properly putting them away and keeping them out of childrens reach.In the span of two years almost 1,330 children have died from accidently shooting themselves and other children. A lot who have young children are not only not putting them far enough from children and they are most likely keeping their guns loaded with the bullets in the magazine. There has not been anything dramatically done to change the law of guns and there has barely nothing been done to control the issue. There is many other countries who have their gun controls under control or banned and that seems to be working for them, they dont have the same issues as America with all these extreme mass shootings. For example Canada does not ban guns but they do have strict laws for them such as: gun owners can not carry outside of their homes unless its part of their job, all guns must be kept locked away and they cannot be loaded, also they require safety training for owners. Ive lived in Minnesota for majority of my life, I have not witnessed many people die until I was about 15, and my brothers best friend was shot and murdered in burnsville MN. I remember him going through the worst depression I could emagine. It hurt him to know that his best friend life was taken from him so brutally and it made him more angry as years passed by. It was just something he couldnt get through and he didnt want to talk to anyone about. It continue to worry me me to see him not want to talk to anyone and distance himself from everything he loved, and I finally got the courage to ask him why he was still mad instead of being sad? He replied to me because he was shot and killed He then continued to explain to me that if it was natural cause that killed him he would not have the madness in his heart. As time went on we spent a lot of time together and I got him to go back and do the things he loved, and he started to enjoy life again because he noticed living that way was n ot healthy. About 2 years passed and on January 24, 2016 one of my friends lost their brother also due to gun violence. This one hurt very much, not just to see my friend and her family feel whats they were feeling but also the fact that I also knew him. He was a kind, sweet, caring person and only 19 when he was shot and murdered. His life was not worth what he died over and I knew that this feeling of losing a loved one was only going to get worse for her and her family due to the fact that not only did he die, but someone took his life with a gun. A lot of these people who go and shoot people only think in that moment and that person but they fail to understand that people will have a hard time continuing with their lives because that person whose life they took has people that care and love them. I also remember going to his funeral and my friend asking me to go into the room her brother was being washed in. When we went in, she automatically broke down, and Ive never been in such shock my l ife. He laid over us with five bullets in this chest and one in his head. His blood no longer running in his body and his body looking so dull. I broke down and just couldnt understand how someone could be so cruel and be so inhumane to do such thing. I watched his mother kiss him on his forehead and say goodbye as tears went down her face.It broke my heart to see her say goodbye to her son that only got to live 19 years of life. We then buried him and everyone that came soon started to get in their cars and leave because it was so cold. I sat at his grave with my friend and just watched her. She told me that she was so angry at the other man who took her brothers life with a gun. I remember talking about this with my brother and automatically that conversation came to my mind. I then started to notice that them being shot and murdered was making it harder to move on for her as well. I knew that this was going to be a tough time for her so I made sure to around as much as I could be so that she doesnt exclude herself from people and things she also loves doing. That same year in November 26th, I remember getting a call and being told that my brother was shot. I didnt know how it feel, I didnt know if he was dead or alive, I just remember my blood pressure rising and my body become completely frozen. I was at my cousins house and they wondered what was wrong and kept tapping me, i just started to cry and think the worst, after a few minutes of sitting there and breaking down my phone rang and it was his girlfriend to tell me that she was at the hospital and that he was shot in this rist and he was going to be fine. I was relieved that he was alive but still crying because if the fact that he was hurt, I ended up going to the hospital and seeing him sit on the bed asleep with a huge cast and just hug him and restful te was alive. Once he was awake he told me that he was outside of a restaurant in Minneapolis and there was a group of men in a car and let shots fired in front of the restaurant. He told me he was standing outside with his friend and as soon as he realized what was happening told me ran behind a car and before he got there hiding his head with his and and thats when he got shot. I was so happy he was alive and although the doctor told him the bones in his wrist completely shattered and that they would have to put a metal piece to hold his hand straight up. The doctor also let him know that he would never be able to move his wrist up and down again. I knew that was frustrating for him. He didnt deserve what happened to him and it made me angry to know that someone shot him and to know that him and many other innocent people standing outside that restaurant could have died that day. I noticed that day the damage that guns were doing to people and the amount of other people only have to deal with being shot or their loved ones of theirs either being shot and hurt, or being shot and murdered. Not long after that many boys from the city im from who are somali were shot and murdered. Its like it was getting worse by the months and I think i was realizing more because I was getting older. I went to about another funeral in December,2016 from this boy who didnt know but went to the same islamic school when we were younger. Being at his funeral only made me remember the last time i was there for the same case. It made me sad to see mothers and families cry once again. It made me more sad to know that his cause of death was because of a gun. After a while things started to calm down and on June,11 2017 I remember being at work on break and getting another call from my other brother and him telling me that he was shot in the leg the night before and quickly saying that he would be fine and that the doctores got the bullet out. I didnt want to cry because I was just so confused, I just wanted to leave and go to the hospital and be there with him. So thats exactly what did, without telling anyone I just left. I called my sister and told her the exact thing he told me. Me and my whole family met at the hospital and by that time he has a cast and he was just happy to see us. He was shot in an apartment complex by a guy looking for another man and mistaken him for my brother. It has only gotten worse in minneapolis with gun violence, I have been to 3 funerals this year alone of 3 young men, the oldest being 25 being shot and killed. Every Time I was there I would remember seeing the others who I came for. About a week ago a student from Saint Paul College who was out with his cousins and friends were playing with guns and his cousin accidentally shot him in the face. He was fighting for his life and was brain dead. He ended up just dying December 11, 2018. Ive never met or seen him, but my sister told me she had class with him and telling me how much of sweet and funny boy he was. Im not sure how old he was but he was surely not over the age of 22. Gun violence is only getting worse, and writing this paper only made me realize that some

Overview of the Chinese Yangshao Culture

The Yangshao culture is the term for an ancient civilization that existed in what is now central China (Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi provinces primarily) between the years 5000 and 3000 B.C.E. It was first discovered in 1921 -- the name â€Å"Yangshao† is taken from the name of the village where it was first discovered -- but since its initial discovery, thousands of sites have been uncovered. The most important site, Banpo, was found in 1953. Facets of the Yangshao Culture Agriculture was of paramount importance to the Yangshao people, and they produced many crops, although millet was particularly common. They also grew vegetables (mostly root vegetables) and raised livestock including chicken, pigs, and cows. These animals were mostly not generally raised for slaughter, though, as meat was eaten only on special occasions. Understanding of animal husbandry is thought to have increased significantly during this time. Although the Yangshao people had a primitive understanding of agriculture, they also fed themselves in part via hunting, gathering, and fishing. They accomplished this through the use of precisely-crafted stone tools including arrows, knives, and axes. They also used stone tools such as chisels in their farming work. In addition to stone, the Yangshao also cared intricate bone tools. The Yangshao lived together in houses -- huts, really -- built in pits with wooden frames holding up mud-plastered walls and thatched millet roofs. These houses were clustered in groups of five, and clusters of houses were arranged around a village’s central square. The perimeter of the village was a furrow, outside which were a communal kiln and cemetery. The kiln was used for the creation of pottery, and it is this pottery that has truly impressed archaeologists. The Yangshao were capable of making a significant variety of pottery shapes, including urns, basins, tripod containers, bottles of various shapes, and jars, many of which came with decorative covers or accessories shaped like animals. They were even capable of making complex, purely ornamental designs, like boat shapes. Yangshao pottery was also often painted with intricate designs, often in earth tones. Unlike more recent pottery cultures, it appears the Yangshao never developed pottery wheels. One of the most famous pieces, for example, is an exquisite basin painted with a fishlike design and a human face, originally used as a burial object and perhaps indicative of a Yangshao belief in animal totems. Yangshao children seem to have been often buried in painted pottery jars. In terms of clothing, the Yangshao people wore mostly hemp, which they wove themselves into simple shapes like loincloths and cloaks. They did also occasionally make silk and it’s possible some Yangshao villages even cultivated silkworms, but silk clothing was rare and mostly the province of the rich. Banpo Civilization Site The Banpo site, first discovered in 1953, is considered typical of the Yangshao culture. It consisted of a village area of about 12 acres, surrounded by a ditch (which may once have been a moat) nearly 20 feet wide. As described above, the houses were mud and wood huts with thatched roofs, and the dead were buried in a communal cemetery. Although it’s not clear to what extent, if at all, the Yangshao people had any sort of written language, Banpo pottery does contain a number of symbols (22 have been found so far) that are found repeatedly on different pieces of pottery. They tend to appear alone, and so almost certainly do not constitute true written language, they may be something akin to makers’ signatures, clan markings, or the marks of owners. There is some debate as to whether the Banpo site  and the Yangshao culture as a whole were matriarchal or patriarchal. The Chinese archaeologists initially investigating it reported it had been a matriarchal society, but newer research suggests that may not be the case, or that it might have been a society in the process of transferring from matriarchy to patriarchy.

The Importance Of Teaching As A Profession - 895 Words

Presentation Guideline †¢ Introduction to presentation Briefly, talk about the teaching as profession; comparing teaching with other professions †¢ Highlight the main points in this chapter. †¢ Go through each point as discussed in the summary. †¢ After the summary, go through the sex question and answer. †¢ Ending with the brief meaning of the key words of the chapter. Introduction Teaching is a process of giving away knowledge, skills, values, and habits to learners. In our everyday experience, teaching as a profession is trying to gain control and relevance among other professions such as medicine and law. However, their effort is getting serious objections from lawmakers, governors and business leaders who are arguing that†¦show more content†¦The social distance between teachers and student are usually close and deep. For a teacher to teach effectively and proficiently, he or she needs to know deep in the life of students he or she is dealing with. This is very different in other fields of professionalism, for instance, the code of professionalism of physicians allow them to confine themselves to a specific ailment their patient is suffering from. They do not go into detail about the client’s life. In teaching as a professional, reciprocity of effort is seen in teacher-student relation. The effort that is made by the teacher in class should be stipulated by the students in their results. In as much as the knowledge base policy may be the best, it does not clarify on what the teacher ought to teach. That is why standardization is required to achieve the best from both the student and the teachers. When standardizing the expertise in teaching, elaborate testing program is installed. The testing program is mainly designed to assess the performance of both the student and the teachers. After the performance of the teachers and the student has been attained, certain policy should be designed in such a way that best and brightest teachers are retained in the classroom and keep them close to the students. Since good teachers are usually promoted up the rank. This can be prevented by altering the salary of non-classroom personnel and thereby infusing more funds into theShow MoreRelatedProfessional Training And Support For Teachers778 Words    |  4 Pagestheir teaching practice to be effective. Teachers who lack training and support are not able to address the academic achievement gap among culturally diverse students (Griner Stewart, 2012, p. 589). Professional training and support is required for pre-service, beginning, and experienced teachers. 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Leaders have realized the i mportance of being a professional and want to ensure that every soldier and civilian member of the Army understands the same importance. Therefore, the Army has begun implementing the Profession of Arms. â€Å"The Army is an American Profession of Arms, a vocation comprised of experts certified in the ethical applications of lethal land combat power, serving under civilianRead MoreEssay on Teacher’s Paychecks Should Reflect their Importance1126 Words   |  5 PagesTeacher’s Paychecks Should Reflect their Importance The public education system in the United States is a very important institution for our nations youth. In most states, children are required by law to attend public school, unless they are home-schooled, until the age of sixteen. At the age of sixteen, students are entitled, though certainly not encouraged, to leave the public school system if they wish. 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Etheopia and New Opportunities- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEtheopia and New Opportunitiesfor Telecommunications. Answer: After the GDP increased with population growth, Ethiopian government followed the model of state led development. It invested in power, telecommunications and transportation that instigated economic growth. It has taken initiatives to protect its local companies such as media and retail sector and promote manufacturing of pharmaceuticals sector. The government has also reserved financial sectors for domestic investment and state banks have hold most of the bank assets. Ethiopian government has attempted to attract the local manufacturers and encourage export system that substitute import. Tax and customs exemptions have permitted the investors transmute their capital as well as profit into dollar. Pros and cons: despite the fact that Ethiopian government has made policies to attract the private companies and foreign investors, they are facing competitions in the fields of achieving government tenders, custom clearing and navigating government bureaucracy. The problem in transportation and telecommunications still continue. Frequent power cuts have infringed the production (Quelch, Sunru, 2015). In spite the country provides a high supply of workforce, but skilled and trained labors are scarce as well as costly. Limited competition in market has proved to be beneficial for the multinational companies but they do not have brand awareness among the consumers. The governments policy to restrict the imported goods to domestic factories has prevented the way to invest in Ethiopia. Building trust with customers is difficult and public sector corruption has been reported high which may affect investment. CareCo: The company has global recognition in manufacturing personal care products. Initially the company had entered the Ethiopian market through local agent. This method served the company with low-risk and low-cost in production which previously helped the company to increased its profitability. Now the company proposes for capturing the increasing purchase power of Ethiopian consumers utilizing its popularity. ShoeCo. The company used import-only strategies to increase its profitability through local manufacturing as well as local importers. Now the company wants to build an economic zone so that it can utilize the low cost local labor force to get exemption from taxes. MedCo. As the Ethiopian government has taken drive to promote pharmaceutical manufacturing, the company has proposed to establish independent pharmacies (Quelch, Sunru, 2015). Previously, MedCo had no propriety products and provided only the private labeled goods with local packaging. Now with the economic growth, the expenditure on health per capita will also rise, which has made the company to introduce wholly owned subsidiary. CareCo: The company has established its subsidiaries that have enabled it to build local manufacturing facilities and invest its own people to grow the local business. This will help it to reduce the retail prices compared to its local competitors, expand its reach to more people rather than only urban customers. Local manufacturing will take time to start operating fully in the country which may prove to be costly in competitive market. ShoeCo: it had established long term contracts with individual distributors but now it proposes for engaging 2000 local workers as employees. This will enable them to be exempted from corporate taxes for five long years and the company will import all capital equipments duty free. It wants to utilize the low cost labors available in Ethiopia but they will have to invest on training them, properly. MedCo: the company visions to utilize the governments policy of promoting healthcare sector by assisting the pharmaceutical manufacturing. The3refore, the company tries to enter the Ethiopian market by establishing fully owned subsidiary like CareCo. Despite the companys growth has slowed down due to international disturbances and business maturing process, it finds Ethiopia as a promising market which will grow within a decade. The new policies for building new healthcare system, clinics and pharmacies will help the company to introduce its products, know the demands and build needed partnerships (Quelch, Sunru, 2015). Like ShoeCo, this company therefore will be able to import equipments duty free and will be tax free for five years. The competitors of MedCo are china and India based manufacturers therefore, the company may face a tough competition in Ethiopian market. CareCo forecasts growth of 15% in the next year as the income of people are growing and they are willing to spend on personal care products. Therefore, the company can pay back within 5 years approximately. ShoeCos low cost input method will enable it to payback approximately within in 4 years. MedCo will definitely pay back within 10 years because their income is growing 15% to 20% per annum. All the companies have promising future in Ethiopian market. The governments market enter policies must be well utilized and cross-cultural aspects must be recognized by the companies. Reference: Quelch, John A., Sunru Yong. (2015). "Ethiopia: An Emerging Market Opportunity? (Brief Case)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 915-502.

Supply Chain Management of Square Pharmaceutical Ltd free essay sample

Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory and Communication is the transmission of information from one group or individual to another. Business communication is very essential now days to make contacts with people and for trading. Whenever a business wants to make a good business proposal or introduce a new concept, communication plays a very big role. Communication also helps in the conveying of message among the different employees or customers of the organization. Communication helps to direct employees to attain their goals without any misunderstanding or confusion. This paper discusses the different roles of supply chain management, different role ways of supply chain management . We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management of Square Pharmaceutical Ltd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The studye also tried to find out what is the problem and shortage of SQUARE’s supply chain management system to improve themselves. Keywords: Supply chain, Operations process, Distribution policy, communication process, Forecasting, Planning *Economic Editor, Daily Ittefaq and Adjunct Faculty, Atish Dipankar university of Science and Technology Introduction Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed). As a solution for successful supply chain management, sophisticated software systems with Web interfaces are competing with Web-based application service providers (ASP) who promise to provide part or all of the SCM service for companies who rent their service. Supply chain management flows can be divided into three main flows: The product flow The information flow The finances flow SQUARE today is a name considering Pharmaceutical world, as well as synonym of quality- be it toiletries, health products, textiles, Agro Vet products, information technology and few more. But in the year 1958 ,the company was originally started with Pharmaceuticals. Now that small company of 1958 is a publicly listed diversified group of companies employing more than 12,000 people. The current yearly group turnover is more than 300 million USD. All these were possible due to Samson H Chowdhury’s innovative ideas, tireless efforts, perseverance and dedication with self confidence which contributed to his successful achievements. The product flow includes the movement of goods from a supplier to a customer, as well as any customer returns or service needs. The information flow involves transmitting orders and updating the status of delivery. The financial flow consists of credit terms, payment schedules, and consignment and title ownership arrangements. There are two main types of SCM software: planning applications and execution applications. Planning applications use advanced algorithms to determine the best way to fill an order. Execution applications track the physical status of goods, the management of materials, and financial information involving all parties. Some SCM applications are based on open data models that support the sharing of data both inside and outside the enterprise (this is called the extended enterprise, and includes key suppliers, manufacturers, and end customers of a specific company). This shared data may reside in diverse database systems, or data warehouses, at several different sites and companies. By sharing this data upstream (with a companys suppliers) and downstream (with a companys clients), SCM applications have the potential to improve the time-to-market of 2 products, reduce costs, and allow all parties in the supply chain to better manage current resources and plan for future needs. Increasing numbers of companies are turning to Web sites and Web-based applications as part of the SCM solution. A number of major Web sites offer EProcurement marketplaces where manufacturers can trade and even make auction bids with suppliers. Basic research question of the study is whether Square Company as a whole can manage supply chain properly? Definition Of Communication Or Sharing Information A modern communications system is first concerned with the storing, processing and sometimes storing of information before its transmission. The actual transmission then follows, with further processing and the filtering of noise. (KENNEDY, 1998) Communication must include both the transference and understanding of meaning. (ROBBINS, 2003). Communication is the transmission of information and meaning from one individual group to another. (GUFFY, 2000). Communication means encoding the idea or concept and getting the feedback of how the receiver is decoding the idea or concept. Therefore without feedback no communication will happen or exist. (HUSSAIN, 2005) We said communication is â€Å"how we share any information with others†. So, we can define communication as a transfer of meaningful message to the receiver with the hope to receive a feedback. AN Overview Of SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply Chain Management as a concept has been widely accredited to a Booz Allen consultant named Keith Oliver who in 1982 defined the concept as follows: â€Å"Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations of the supply chain with the purpose to satisfy customer requirements as efficiently as possible. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption†. This seems to be the earliest published definition and therefore places the concept of Supply Chain Management at approximately 26 years old. We can see that â€Å"Supply Chain† without the â€Å"Management† is referenced in the definition, so we know that the general idea of a supply flow through a business was recognized prior to Olivers definition. What Oliver really captured was the conscious and deliberate control, integration, and management of the business functions contributing to, and affecting that supply flow through the business, for the purpose of improving performance, costs, flexibility etc, and for the ultimate benefit of the end customer. 3 The concept has been defined in simpler terms since that time and is often captured with five words: Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, and Return. Both of these definitions allude to a manufacturing origin but of course Supply Chain Management is as relevant to service, retail, distribution, and most other types of companies as it is to manufacturing. The area of Supply Chain Management has enjoyed a meteoric rise in significance over the last twenty to thirty years as businesses have tried to establish advantage, and felt the pressure to keep up, in an increasingly homogeneous and competitive global business environment. Japanese manufacturing companies brought great emphasis to the area of Supply Chain Management in the 1980’s and early 1990’s. Awareness of Supply Chain Management tools such as â€Å"Just In Time† and â€Å"Kan Ban† spread rapidly and became globally accepted best practice amongst volume manufacturing businesses. Western businesses raced to keep pace with a rapidly changing environment, dragging their supply bases, and sometimes employees behind them. At the same time companies like SAP and Oracle were developing the complex IT systems that would be essential for enabling large complex businesses to effectively integrate and managing the sub areas that combined to make complex supply chains. Of course the elements of Supply Chain Management have always existed in business. What changed was the willingness of businesses to recognize the inter-relationship of the various sub areas, and to pursue the benefits generated through coordination and integration, both from a strategy / planning perspective and operationally. The sub areas comprising a supply chain include: Forecasting/Planning Purchasing/Procurement Logistics Operations Inventory Management Transport Warehousing Distribution Customer Service Today, Supply Chain Management is an accepted term in our business glossary. However, it is difficult to find a standard model of Supply Chain Management operating in the business community. We continue to see variations on the theme. Some business will refer to and manage their supply chains in a coordinated and all encompassing fashion, including all of the sub areas defined above. Others will integrate some elements of the supply chain, for example purchasing and logistics and call this Supply Chain Management. Many will refer 4 conceptually to Supply Chain Management, but only address it specifically at the general management level. One area of confusion arises because Supply Chain Management is both a horizontal business function (i. e. managing the supply chain in a business), and a vertical industry sector (i. e. businesses involved in managing supply chains on behalf of their clients). A company like TDG operates as a supply chain services provider, within the vertical supply chain industry sector. But each of the clients serviced by TDG will employ supply chain staff within their business operating on a horizontal basis across their organization. The â€Å"supply chain industry† sector as the vertical is often referred to, is largely restricted to transport and storage type operations. Distributing products on behalf of clients. Whereas, the horizontal supply chain functional areas encompass the entire supply chain spectrum across a business. Supply Chain Management has matured from a compelling method of deriving competitive advantage, to a â€Å"ticket to ride†. Its is now a baseline expectation for any company wishing to compete in the 21st Century, and with that the professions and occupations comprising Supply Chain Management are now firmly entrenched in the armory of essential business executives. The sub areas comprising Supply Chain Management are defined further below: Forecasting / Planning All business needs to forecast and plan. To look forward and predict what will be required in terms of resources and materials in order to deliver their product or service to their customer in a timely manner. In this area we find activities such as demand planning, inventory planning, capacity planning etc Purchasing / Procurement The commercial part of the supply chain is purchasing. Otherwise it’s known as Buying or Procurement. This is where a business identifies suppliers to provide the products and services that it needs to acquire in order to create and deliver its own service or product. Costs and terms of business are negotiated and agreed and contracts created. Thereafter the suppliers’ performance and future contractual arrangements will be managed in this area. This area of the business is sometimes referred to as purchasing, sometimes, procurement, buying, sourcing, etc. However, all titles relate to the acquisition of materials and services. The difference between purchasing and procurement is largely academic as, whilst there is a theoretical difference between them, businesses use the titles interchangeably for the two variations of activity. You will for example find manufacturing companies with purchasing departments that are actually doing procurement roles, and you will find service based organizations with 5 procurement departments but in fact doing purchasing roles. In its strictest definition purchasing is limited to the actual commercial transaction and no more, whilst procurement includes the wider elements of the acquisition, including logistics and performance management. Logistics In its strictest definition logistics refers to the movement of goods or materials, whether inbound, through, or outbound. In some manufacturing businesses forecasting and planning will be found within a logistics department, in other businesses logistics will be exclusively managing the movement and transportation of goods and materials. Operations Operations are a general management type activity ensuring that a business uses its resources effectively to meet its customer commitments. Usually referring to the conversion activity of the business, i. e. the point where the acquired resources and/or materials are converted into the product or service that the business is selling on to its customers. Inventory Management Sometimes found within Logistics Management, or Demand Planning or Operations, Inventory Management typically takes responsibility for both the replenishment of physical stock, the levels of physical stock, and of course storage and issue of physical stock. Stock may be materials and goods sourced from suppliers, work in progress, or finished goods awaiting sale/dispatch. Transport Transport management can involve the control of a company owned fleet of vehicles, collecting, moving, or delivering materials and goods, or managing transport services sourced from a 3rd party transport provider. Warehousing Like transport management, warehousing can involve the control of company warehouse space, or managing warehouse space sourced from 3rd party providers. 6 Distribution Distribution involves the physical distribution of the company’s products to the sub-distributor or directly to the customer base. Typically this is a combined transport and warehousing operation, responsible for storing and delivering products to meet the customer’s needs. Again this combined activity will often be placed with a 3rd party service provider who will control and implement the processes. Customer Service Most people do not recognize customer service as part of supply chain management, but it is in fact the final piece in the jigs aw. Having taken the business inputs, created and delivered a product or service, the final element is to check that the customers expectations were achieved, and manage any actions necessary to meet your customer obligations and commitments. Supply Chain Management System In Square: For any organization supply chain management communication process is very important. At present every company is trying to grab the latest supply chain management communication method to get the best benefit. Before going to discuss the supply chain management communication system of SQUARE I want to discuss a little about the company. An Overview Of SQUARE: The company was founded in 1958 by Samson H. Chowdhury along with three of his friends as a private firm. It went public in 1991 and is currently listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , the flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and it has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player.. The quality of SQUARE and environmental concerns are clearly stated through declared policies . In the year of 1992 it had only 80 million turnovers but in the year 2004 it was around 2400 million. 7 SQUARE has 3 Strategic Business Unit: Pharmaceuticals Consumer Brands Agro Business Crop Care Public Health Animal Health SQUARE has 4 subsidiaries: SQUARE Formulations Ltd. SQUARE Trading Ltd. Square Pharmaceuticals SQUARE consumer goods LTD 8 CORPORATE OPERATIONAL RESULT Figure in thousand : BDT 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 Turnover (Gross) 8,711,0357,085,553 6,199,1355,482,0885,482,088 Value Added Tax 1,210,223 995,648 867,088 760,536 663,892 Turnover (Net) 7,500,8116,089,905 5,332,0474,721,5524,065,851 Gross Profit 3,232,3642,564,503 2,172,5931,906,5921,466,282 Net Profit before Tax 1,722,9061,533,043 1,513,0191,151,636 929,604 Net Profit after Tax 1,303,2431,165,865 1,255,848 970,044 764,885 Shareholders Equity 7,333,2586,402,015 5,568,7904,590,1423,851,098 Total Assets 10,486,9409,298,987 7,907,9336,021,4975,164,320 Total Bank 2,536,5242,334,925 1,902,331 988,6111,070,163 Borrowings Total Current Assets 3,682,5114,031,685 3,242,5022,016,0561,441,552 Total Current 2,555,5662,260,755 1,949,9491,250,6761,247,967 Liabilities Current Ratio 1. 44 1. 78 1. 66 1. 62 1. 16 Source: www. SQUARE-bd. com Vision of SQUARE To realize the mission SQUARE will: 1. Endeavour to attain a position of leadership in each category of its businesses. 2. Attain a high level of productivity in all its operations through effective and efficient use of resources, adoption of appropriate technology and alignment with our core competencies. 3. Develop its employees by encouraging empowerment and rewarding innovation 4. Promote an environment for learning and personal growth of its employees 5. Provide products and services of high and consistent quality, ensuring value for money to its customers. 6. Encourage and assist in the qualitative improvement of the services of its suppliers and distributors. 7. Establish harmonious relationship with the community and promote greater environmental responsibility within its sphere of influence. 9 Value of SQUARE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Quality Customer Focus Fairness Transparency Continuous Improvement Mission of SQUARE SQUARE’s mission is to enrich the quality of life of people through responsible application of knowledge, skills and technology. SQUARE is committed to the pursuit of excellence through world-class products, innovative processes and empowered employees to provide the highest level of satisfaction to its customers. The Role Of Supply Chain Management Sharing Information For any organization Supply chain management and sharing information is the mortar that holds organizations and the entire knowledge. Without sharing, information could not be processed or exchanged; words and data would remain isolated facts. So it is easily understandable that the success of SQUARE depends a lot on their supply chain management system. The present success of SQUARE is the result of their successful supply chain management system. With the help of well organized SCM system SQUARE takes the satisfaction from their suppliers and also from the consumers. SQUARE can transmit properly what they are looking from the suppliers and marketers; SQUARE also makes a friendly environment with their sharing process. To tell about the role of sharing we can remember another example, when the Sara Lee Corporation wants to determine customer product satisfaction, it conducts a survey. The survey is useless, however, until the data are analyzed and the results shared to management. Only when words and data are translated into meaningful knowledge and shared to decision-makers do they become valuable to the economy. So it is very clear that role of sharing is very important for SQUARE. To supply the goods properly SQUARE uses their own logistics and transportation system. The Process Of Information Sharing And Its Barriers In SQUARE Sharing is the transmission of information and meaning from one individual or group to another. Sharing information has its central objective -The transmission of meaning. The process of sharing information is successful only when the receiver understands an idea as the sender intended it. Both parties must agree 10 not only on the information transmitted but also on the meaning of that information. Sending and Receiving Messages: In the process of sharing information in SQUARE involves five steps: Sender has idea: The sharing process of information in SQUARE begins, when the idea will be influenced by complex factors surrounding the sender: mood, frame of reference, background, culture, and the position or the dignity of the employees, as well as the context of the situation and many other factors. Usually SQUARE starts with Good morning, good evening. Sometimes SQUARE is also using Hi, Hello. Message to be sent Encoding Message Channel Message Receiver Message decoding Noise Feedback Source: www. SQUARE-bd. com Fig: The Communication Process Sender Encodes Idea in Message: The next step in the information sharing process involves encoding, converting the idea into words or gestures that will convey meaning. A major problem in sharing any message verbally is that words have different meanings for different people. When misunderstandings result from missing meanings, it’s called bypassing. In selecting proper symbols, senders must be alert to the receiver’s sharing skills, attitudes, background, experiences and culture. How will the selected words affect the receiver? To solve these sorts of problems SQUARE Chooses appropriate words or symbols is the first step. 11 Message travels over channel: The medium over which the message is physically transmitted is the channel. Messages are delivered by computer, telephone, letter, memorandum, report, announcement, picture, spoken word, fax, or through some other channel in SQUARE. Because sharing channels deliver both verbal and nonverbal messages, senders must choose the channel and shape the message carefully. SQUARE uses its annual report, for example, as a channel to deliver many messages to stockholders. The verbal message lies in the report’s financial and organizational news. Nonverbal messages, though, are conveyed by their appearance, layout, and tone. Receiver decodes message: The individual for whom the message is intended is the receiver. Translating the message from its symbol form into meaning involves decoding. Only when the receiver understands the meaning intended by the sender, that is, successfully decodes the message. Such success, however, is difficult to achieve because unlikely two people share the same life experiences and because many barriers can disrupt the process. In this case we can tell that in SQUARE a memo that refers to all the women in an office as â€Å"girls,† so it may disturb its receivers so much that they fail to comprehend the total message. Feedback travels to sender:. The verbal or nonverbal response of the receiver is feedback. Feedback helps the sender know that the message was received and understood. If as a receiver you hear the message â€Å"How are you†: your feedback might consist of words (â€Å"I’m fine†) or body language (a smile or a wave of the hand). SQUARE is always trying to avoid the feedback from body language as in our culture it is not fair. Function of information in the sector of Supply Chain Management in SQUARE: Functions: On the job one can share information internally and externally. Internally, SQUARE is exchanging ideas with superiors, coworkers, and subordinates. When these messages must be written, SQUARE chooses emails or a printed memorandum. When SQUARE is sharing information externally with customers, suppliers, government, and the public, SQUARE will generally send letters on company stationery. 12 Internal functions in SQUARE: 1. Issue and classify procedures and policies 2. Inform management of progress 3. Persuade employees or management to make changes improvements 4. Coordinate activities and provide assistance 5. Evaluate, compliment, reward, and discipline employees 6. Get to know individuals personally or External functions in SQUARE: 1. Answer inquiries about products of services 2. Persuade customers to buy products or services 3. Clarify supplier specifications and quality requirements 4. Issue credit and collect bills 5. Respond to regulatory agencies 6. Promote a positive image of the organization Flow Of Informention Sharing Selecting the best process for sharing information form demands some understanding of how messages and information flow through organizations. Both formal and informal sharing channels exist. A free exchange of information helps SQUARE to solve problems , cut costs , better serve the public and take full advantage of today’s knowledge workers. All the following channels are used in SQUARE with the demand of situation, Formal channels: Formal channels of sharing information generally follow an organization’s hierarchy of command. Whether an organization has developed such a sharing policy or not, official information among workers typically flows through formal channels in three directions: downward, upward, and horizontally. 1. Downward Flow: Information flowing down generally moves from decision – makers, including the CEO and managers, through the chain of command to employees. One problem in downward communication is distortion resulting from long lines of communication. 13 CEO 1. Upward flow: Information flowing upward provides feedback from employees to management. Ideally, the heaviest flow of information should be upward with information being fed steadily to decision-makers who can react and adjust quickly. Lower Level Employee 2. Horizontal Flow: Lateral channels transmit information horizontally among workers at the same level, such as between the training supervisor and maintenance supervisor. These channels enable individuals to coordinate tasks share information, solve problems, and resolve conflicts. 3. Informal Channels: Not all the information within an organization passes through formal channels; often, it travels in informal channels is called the grapevine. These channels are based on social relationships in which individuals talk about work when they are having lunch, jogging. Employees using the â€Å"Grapevine† also consider it valuable for two reasons: a. Employees can get information without formally having to admit that they need it. b. Employees can â€Å"think out loud† about problems, thus increasing their selfconfidence and problem-solving ability. 14 The grapevine has three main characteristics: First, management does not control it. Second, it is perceived by most employees as being more believable and reliable than the formal communiques issued by top management and third, it is largely used to serve the self-interests of the people within it. At present there is a change in the flow of sharing information. Now we can define the above three flow in different way, Chain SQUARE is not following this method now. Wheel SQUARE is not following this channel also. All Channel 15 SQUARE is trying to follow this channel though SQUARE can not implement this channel completely in their organization. This the best flow of sharing information channel for any organization. Recommendation for the Supply Chain Management and communication system of SQUARE: Though SQUARE is trying to follow the best method to maintain supply chain management and communicate, SQUARE has some problems. The recommendations for the problems are as follows, 1. SQUARE follows all the channels of communication in their organization downwards and upwards and the employee can switch off any hierarchy in the immediate situation, which is the great advantage for communication. But the company does not follow the specific method of the letter and memo writing. They follow a single method to write the memo and letter, which may confuse the employees, and the external people who are related to the companies continue operation (Suppliers, customer etc. ). Because memo is written for the employees and letters are written for the external people like suppliers and customers. So, SQUARE should follow the traditional method to write the letters and memo. 2. SQUARE follows LAN in the organization’s computer systems. But they don’t use the Intranet in the system, which is a great disadvantage for the organization because anybody from the company can access another to the company’s restricted web site . So, SQUARE should introduce intranet in their company. 3. SQUARE cannot follow the all channel method totally. As a result it is not getting the 100% benefit of all channel method . So; SQUARE should try to implement it as early as possible. 4. SQUARE has not yet introduced extranet facilities for the suppliers. As a result the suppliers cannot get enough information about the companies or organizations demand. So, SQUARE should introduce extranet in their company 5. SQUARE should give more concentration to improve the quality of workers in the floor of Shopno. Because, they are the person who directly deals with the people suppliers directly. Which is very much important for maintaining supply chain management. 16 6. SQUARE also should be more concern about their transportation system for the supply. Because, they usually bring their agro based products from the very rural area. Their roads are not that much standard. So beside, trucks and covered van they also should take care of the transport which can be used on water. Refrigerating system is also important. Conclusion The request for excellent communication skills is probably the most frequently seen requirement in job ads today. Employers and employees alike consistently rank communication skills at the top of the job skills list. Even in technical fields, communication skills are demanded. The chief executives of corporations spend huge sums of money on trainers and consultants to improve employees’ supply chain management skills. Organizations value these skills because good organizations successfully (1) Make money (2) Save money. Good communicators make money by performing well themselves and by motivating others to achieve. They are persuasive in promoting the organization’s products, services, and reputation. Employees, too, appreciate the value of excellent communication skills. Such abilities enable them to complete their work efficiently and effectively – and to earn recognition and advancement. As individuals ascend the career ladder, oral and written communication skills become more important than technical skills. That’s because managers spend most of the time communicating-supervising, delegating, evaluating, clarifying, and interacting. Even though writing on the job is an important skill, myths and misconceptions about it persist. So I think not only SQUARE every organization should emphasize on the proper way of communication.