Overview of the Chinese Yangshao Culture

The Yangshao culture is the term for an ancient civilization that existed in what is now central China (Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi provinces primarily) between the years 5000 and 3000 B.C.E. It was first discovered in 1921 -- the name â€Å"Yangshao† is taken from the name of the village where it was first discovered -- but since its initial discovery, thousands of sites have been uncovered. The most important site, Banpo, was found in 1953. Facets of the Yangshao Culture Agriculture was of paramount importance to the Yangshao people, and they produced many crops, although millet was particularly common. They also grew vegetables (mostly root vegetables) and raised livestock including chicken, pigs, and cows. These animals were mostly not generally raised for slaughter, though, as meat was eaten only on special occasions. Understanding of animal husbandry is thought to have increased significantly during this time. Although the Yangshao people had a primitive understanding of agriculture, they also fed themselves in part via hunting, gathering, and fishing. They accomplished this through the use of precisely-crafted stone tools including arrows, knives, and axes. They also used stone tools such as chisels in their farming work. In addition to stone, the Yangshao also cared intricate bone tools. The Yangshao lived together in houses -- huts, really -- built in pits with wooden frames holding up mud-plastered walls and thatched millet roofs. These houses were clustered in groups of five, and clusters of houses were arranged around a village’s central square. The perimeter of the village was a furrow, outside which were a communal kiln and cemetery. The kiln was used for the creation of pottery, and it is this pottery that has truly impressed archaeologists. The Yangshao were capable of making a significant variety of pottery shapes, including urns, basins, tripod containers, bottles of various shapes, and jars, many of which came with decorative covers or accessories shaped like animals. They were even capable of making complex, purely ornamental designs, like boat shapes. Yangshao pottery was also often painted with intricate designs, often in earth tones. Unlike more recent pottery cultures, it appears the Yangshao never developed pottery wheels. One of the most famous pieces, for example, is an exquisite basin painted with a fishlike design and a human face, originally used as a burial object and perhaps indicative of a Yangshao belief in animal totems. Yangshao children seem to have been often buried in painted pottery jars. In terms of clothing, the Yangshao people wore mostly hemp, which they wove themselves into simple shapes like loincloths and cloaks. They did also occasionally make silk and it’s possible some Yangshao villages even cultivated silkworms, but silk clothing was rare and mostly the province of the rich. Banpo Civilization Site The Banpo site, first discovered in 1953, is considered typical of the Yangshao culture. It consisted of a village area of about 12 acres, surrounded by a ditch (which may once have been a moat) nearly 20 feet wide. As described above, the houses were mud and wood huts with thatched roofs, and the dead were buried in a communal cemetery. Although it’s not clear to what extent, if at all, the Yangshao people had any sort of written language, Banpo pottery does contain a number of symbols (22 have been found so far) that are found repeatedly on different pieces of pottery. They tend to appear alone, and so almost certainly do not constitute true written language, they may be something akin to makers’ signatures, clan markings, or the marks of owners. There is some debate as to whether the Banpo site  and the Yangshao culture as a whole were matriarchal or patriarchal. The Chinese archaeologists initially investigating it reported it had been a matriarchal society, but newer research suggests that may not be the case, or that it might have been a society in the process of transferring from matriarchy to patriarchy.

The Importance Of Teaching As A Profession - 895 Words

Presentation Guideline †¢ Introduction to presentation Briefly, talk about the teaching as profession; comparing teaching with other professions †¢ Highlight the main points in this chapter. †¢ Go through each point as discussed in the summary. †¢ After the summary, go through the sex question and answer. †¢ Ending with the brief meaning of the key words of the chapter. Introduction Teaching is a process of giving away knowledge, skills, values, and habits to learners. In our everyday experience, teaching as a profession is trying to gain control and relevance among other professions such as medicine and law. However, their effort is getting serious objections from lawmakers, governors and business leaders who are arguing that†¦show more content†¦The social distance between teachers and student are usually close and deep. For a teacher to teach effectively and proficiently, he or she needs to know deep in the life of students he or she is dealing with. This is very different in other fields of professionalism, for instance, the code of professionalism of physicians allow them to confine themselves to a specific ailment their patient is suffering from. They do not go into detail about the client’s life. In teaching as a professional, reciprocity of effort is seen in teacher-student relation. The effort that is made by the teacher in class should be stipulated by the students in their results. In as much as the knowledge base policy may be the best, it does not clarify on what the teacher ought to teach. That is why standardization is required to achieve the best from both the student and the teachers. When standardizing the expertise in teaching, elaborate testing program is installed. The testing program is mainly designed to assess the performance of both the student and the teachers. After the performance of the teachers and the student has been attained, certain policy should be designed in such a way that best and brightest teachers are retained in the classroom and keep them close to the students. Since good teachers are usually promoted up the rank. This can be prevented by altering the salary of non-classroom personnel and thereby infusing more funds into theShow MoreRelatedProfessional Training And Support For Teachers778 Words    |  4 Pagestheir teaching practice to be effective. Teachers who lack training and support are not able to address the academic achievement gap among culturally diverse students (Griner Stewart, 2012, p. 589). Professional training and support is required for pre-service, beginning, and experienced teachers. 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Leaders have realized the i mportance of being a professional and want to ensure that every soldier and civilian member of the Army understands the same importance. Therefore, the Army has begun implementing the Profession of Arms. â€Å"The Army is an American Profession of Arms, a vocation comprised of experts certified in the ethical applications of lethal land combat power, serving under civilianRead MoreEssay on Teacher’s Paychecks Should Reflect their Importance1126 Words   |  5 PagesTeacher’s Paychecks Should Reflect their Importance The public education system in the United States is a very important institution for our nations youth. In most states, children are required by law to attend public school, unless they are home-schooled, until the age of sixteen. At the age of sixteen, students are entitled, though certainly not encouraged, to leave the public school system if they wish. Public school teachers are asked to account for and educate all of these students, andRead MoreWhat Type Of Occupation Best918 Words   |  4 Pagesspectrum of educational and teaching realities in the world and this analysis will favour a more western perspective. As expressed by Merriam Webster (2014), the definition of profession is: a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation. A sociological examination of the characteristics of professions has been discussed in the literature since the 1930’s (Runte, 1995). This work has revealed that the most common traits of a profession are: (1) skill basedRead MoreMy Professional Growth as an Education Major Essays1044 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the numerous experiences I have had during my time at Benedictine University, I have learned different lessons and values that will prove important to my teaching career. The different courses, teachers, and schools that I had the opportunity to work with have helped me grow as an educator and provided me with the tools needed in order to be successful. My first observation experience was eye-opening. Upon my arrival to Providence Catholic High School, I only had basic knowledge aboutRead MoreThe Alternative Teacher Preparation Program1662 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch will address is Teach for America (TFA). TFA is a popular program that provides many school districts in rural and urban areas with teachers. The founder, Wendy Kopp, does not have a background in education, but gained her interest in the profession after hearing about the national teacher shortage and the issue of uncertified teachers in urban and rural areas. While Kopp was conducting research for her thesis, she contacted the director of the National Education Association with her idea,Read MoreNorth Carolina Code Of Ethics1005 Words   |  5 Pagesappropriate role model†. In the North Carolina Code of Ethics there are three categories an educator must commit to. The categories are as followed, Commitment to the Student, Commitment to the School and School System, and Commitment to the Profession. The category that stood out the most to me was the Commitment to the Student. Under this section, it is states that a teacher must provide a safe and healthy environment for his/her students within the educator’s control. It is also stated thatRead MoreA Reflection On Teaching Philosophy961 Words   |  4 PagesA teaching philosophy statement is a document that educators prepare to express their personal ideas regarding the teaching role. Often used as part of the application packet for an academic position and in teaching portfolios for tenure and promotion reviews, teaching philosophy statements allow educators to reflect on their teaching practices and validate their success in teaching. Teaching philosophies can guide academic nurse educators by ensuring that they are using varied pedagogies that stimulateRead MoreAnalyzing the Teaching Profession706 Words   |  3 PagesParamount importance in the treatment and education of man has the position and work of teaching. The teacher has always been the mainstay of intellectual and cultural progress of any society and the cornerstone of personal happiness every man. So, it be perceived the importance of this profession for man and society. It is no coincidence that everybody who exercise this profession should be at alert and disseminates the values and knowledge in children with the best way. This requires a constant

Etheopia and New Opportunities- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEtheopia and New Opportunitiesfor Telecommunications. Answer: After the GDP increased with population growth, Ethiopian government followed the model of state led development. It invested in power, telecommunications and transportation that instigated economic growth. It has taken initiatives to protect its local companies such as media and retail sector and promote manufacturing of pharmaceuticals sector. The government has also reserved financial sectors for domestic investment and state banks have hold most of the bank assets. Ethiopian government has attempted to attract the local manufacturers and encourage export system that substitute import. Tax and customs exemptions have permitted the investors transmute their capital as well as profit into dollar. Pros and cons: despite the fact that Ethiopian government has made policies to attract the private companies and foreign investors, they are facing competitions in the fields of achieving government tenders, custom clearing and navigating government bureaucracy. The problem in transportation and telecommunications still continue. Frequent power cuts have infringed the production (Quelch, Sunru, 2015). In spite the country provides a high supply of workforce, but skilled and trained labors are scarce as well as costly. Limited competition in market has proved to be beneficial for the multinational companies but they do not have brand awareness among the consumers. The governments policy to restrict the imported goods to domestic factories has prevented the way to invest in Ethiopia. Building trust with customers is difficult and public sector corruption has been reported high which may affect investment. CareCo: The company has global recognition in manufacturing personal care products. Initially the company had entered the Ethiopian market through local agent. This method served the company with low-risk and low-cost in production which previously helped the company to increased its profitability. Now the company proposes for capturing the increasing purchase power of Ethiopian consumers utilizing its popularity. ShoeCo. The company used import-only strategies to increase its profitability through local manufacturing as well as local importers. Now the company wants to build an economic zone so that it can utilize the low cost local labor force to get exemption from taxes. MedCo. As the Ethiopian government has taken drive to promote pharmaceutical manufacturing, the company has proposed to establish independent pharmacies (Quelch, Sunru, 2015). Previously, MedCo had no propriety products and provided only the private labeled goods with local packaging. Now with the economic growth, the expenditure on health per capita will also rise, which has made the company to introduce wholly owned subsidiary. CareCo: The company has established its subsidiaries that have enabled it to build local manufacturing facilities and invest its own people to grow the local business. This will help it to reduce the retail prices compared to its local competitors, expand its reach to more people rather than only urban customers. Local manufacturing will take time to start operating fully in the country which may prove to be costly in competitive market. ShoeCo: it had established long term contracts with individual distributors but now it proposes for engaging 2000 local workers as employees. This will enable them to be exempted from corporate taxes for five long years and the company will import all capital equipments duty free. It wants to utilize the low cost labors available in Ethiopia but they will have to invest on training them, properly. MedCo: the company visions to utilize the governments policy of promoting healthcare sector by assisting the pharmaceutical manufacturing. The3refore, the company tries to enter the Ethiopian market by establishing fully owned subsidiary like CareCo. Despite the companys growth has slowed down due to international disturbances and business maturing process, it finds Ethiopia as a promising market which will grow within a decade. The new policies for building new healthcare system, clinics and pharmacies will help the company to introduce its products, know the demands and build needed partnerships (Quelch, Sunru, 2015). Like ShoeCo, this company therefore will be able to import equipments duty free and will be tax free for five years. The competitors of MedCo are china and India based manufacturers therefore, the company may face a tough competition in Ethiopian market. CareCo forecasts growth of 15% in the next year as the income of people are growing and they are willing to spend on personal care products. Therefore, the company can pay back within 5 years approximately. ShoeCos low cost input method will enable it to payback approximately within in 4 years. MedCo will definitely pay back within 10 years because their income is growing 15% to 20% per annum. All the companies have promising future in Ethiopian market. The governments market enter policies must be well utilized and cross-cultural aspects must be recognized by the companies. Reference: Quelch, John A., Sunru Yong. (2015). "Ethiopia: An Emerging Market Opportunity? (Brief Case)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 915-502.

Supply Chain Management of Square Pharmaceutical Ltd free essay sample

Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory and Communication is the transmission of information from one group or individual to another. Business communication is very essential now days to make contacts with people and for trading. Whenever a business wants to make a good business proposal or introduce a new concept, communication plays a very big role. Communication also helps in the conveying of message among the different employees or customers of the organization. Communication helps to direct employees to attain their goals without any misunderstanding or confusion. This paper discusses the different roles of supply chain management, different role ways of supply chain management . We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Management of Square Pharmaceutical Ltd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The studye also tried to find out what is the problem and shortage of SQUARE’s supply chain management system to improve themselves. Keywords: Supply chain, Operations process, Distribution policy, communication process, Forecasting, Planning *Economic Editor, Daily Ittefaq and Adjunct Faculty, Atish Dipankar university of Science and Technology Introduction Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed). As a solution for successful supply chain management, sophisticated software systems with Web interfaces are competing with Web-based application service providers (ASP) who promise to provide part or all of the SCM service for companies who rent their service. Supply chain management flows can be divided into three main flows: The product flow The information flow The finances flow SQUARE today is a name considering Pharmaceutical world, as well as synonym of quality- be it toiletries, health products, textiles, Agro Vet products, information technology and few more. But in the year 1958 ,the company was originally started with Pharmaceuticals. Now that small company of 1958 is a publicly listed diversified group of companies employing more than 12,000 people. The current yearly group turnover is more than 300 million USD. All these were possible due to Samson H Chowdhury’s innovative ideas, tireless efforts, perseverance and dedication with self confidence which contributed to his successful achievements. The product flow includes the movement of goods from a supplier to a customer, as well as any customer returns or service needs. The information flow involves transmitting orders and updating the status of delivery. The financial flow consists of credit terms, payment schedules, and consignment and title ownership arrangements. There are two main types of SCM software: planning applications and execution applications. Planning applications use advanced algorithms to determine the best way to fill an order. Execution applications track the physical status of goods, the management of materials, and financial information involving all parties. Some SCM applications are based on open data models that support the sharing of data both inside and outside the enterprise (this is called the extended enterprise, and includes key suppliers, manufacturers, and end customers of a specific company). This shared data may reside in diverse database systems, or data warehouses, at several different sites and companies. By sharing this data upstream (with a companys suppliers) and downstream (with a companys clients), SCM applications have the potential to improve the time-to-market of 2 products, reduce costs, and allow all parties in the supply chain to better manage current resources and plan for future needs. Increasing numbers of companies are turning to Web sites and Web-based applications as part of the SCM solution. A number of major Web sites offer EProcurement marketplaces where manufacturers can trade and even make auction bids with suppliers. Basic research question of the study is whether Square Company as a whole can manage supply chain properly? Definition Of Communication Or Sharing Information A modern communications system is first concerned with the storing, processing and sometimes storing of information before its transmission. The actual transmission then follows, with further processing and the filtering of noise. (KENNEDY, 1998) Communication must include both the transference and understanding of meaning. (ROBBINS, 2003). Communication is the transmission of information and meaning from one individual group to another. (GUFFY, 2000). Communication means encoding the idea or concept and getting the feedback of how the receiver is decoding the idea or concept. Therefore without feedback no communication will happen or exist. (HUSSAIN, 2005) We said communication is â€Å"how we share any information with others†. So, we can define communication as a transfer of meaningful message to the receiver with the hope to receive a feedback. AN Overview Of SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply Chain Management as a concept has been widely accredited to a Booz Allen consultant named Keith Oliver who in 1982 defined the concept as follows: â€Å"Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations of the supply chain with the purpose to satisfy customer requirements as efficiently as possible. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption†. This seems to be the earliest published definition and therefore places the concept of Supply Chain Management at approximately 26 years old. We can see that â€Å"Supply Chain† without the â€Å"Management† is referenced in the definition, so we know that the general idea of a supply flow through a business was recognized prior to Olivers definition. What Oliver really captured was the conscious and deliberate control, integration, and management of the business functions contributing to, and affecting that supply flow through the business, for the purpose of improving performance, costs, flexibility etc, and for the ultimate benefit of the end customer. 3 The concept has been defined in simpler terms since that time and is often captured with five words: Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, and Return. Both of these definitions allude to a manufacturing origin but of course Supply Chain Management is as relevant to service, retail, distribution, and most other types of companies as it is to manufacturing. The area of Supply Chain Management has enjoyed a meteoric rise in significance over the last twenty to thirty years as businesses have tried to establish advantage, and felt the pressure to keep up, in an increasingly homogeneous and competitive global business environment. Japanese manufacturing companies brought great emphasis to the area of Supply Chain Management in the 1980’s and early 1990’s. Awareness of Supply Chain Management tools such as â€Å"Just In Time† and â€Å"Kan Ban† spread rapidly and became globally accepted best practice amongst volume manufacturing businesses. Western businesses raced to keep pace with a rapidly changing environment, dragging their supply bases, and sometimes employees behind them. At the same time companies like SAP and Oracle were developing the complex IT systems that would be essential for enabling large complex businesses to effectively integrate and managing the sub areas that combined to make complex supply chains. Of course the elements of Supply Chain Management have always existed in business. What changed was the willingness of businesses to recognize the inter-relationship of the various sub areas, and to pursue the benefits generated through coordination and integration, both from a strategy / planning perspective and operationally. The sub areas comprising a supply chain include: Forecasting/Planning Purchasing/Procurement Logistics Operations Inventory Management Transport Warehousing Distribution Customer Service Today, Supply Chain Management is an accepted term in our business glossary. However, it is difficult to find a standard model of Supply Chain Management operating in the business community. We continue to see variations on the theme. Some business will refer to and manage their supply chains in a coordinated and all encompassing fashion, including all of the sub areas defined above. Others will integrate some elements of the supply chain, for example purchasing and logistics and call this Supply Chain Management. Many will refer 4 conceptually to Supply Chain Management, but only address it specifically at the general management level. One area of confusion arises because Supply Chain Management is both a horizontal business function (i. e. managing the supply chain in a business), and a vertical industry sector (i. e. businesses involved in managing supply chains on behalf of their clients). A company like TDG operates as a supply chain services provider, within the vertical supply chain industry sector. But each of the clients serviced by TDG will employ supply chain staff within their business operating on a horizontal basis across their organization. The â€Å"supply chain industry† sector as the vertical is often referred to, is largely restricted to transport and storage type operations. Distributing products on behalf of clients. Whereas, the horizontal supply chain functional areas encompass the entire supply chain spectrum across a business. Supply Chain Management has matured from a compelling method of deriving competitive advantage, to a â€Å"ticket to ride†. Its is now a baseline expectation for any company wishing to compete in the 21st Century, and with that the professions and occupations comprising Supply Chain Management are now firmly entrenched in the armory of essential business executives. The sub areas comprising Supply Chain Management are defined further below: Forecasting / Planning All business needs to forecast and plan. To look forward and predict what will be required in terms of resources and materials in order to deliver their product or service to their customer in a timely manner. In this area we find activities such as demand planning, inventory planning, capacity planning etc Purchasing / Procurement The commercial part of the supply chain is purchasing. Otherwise it’s known as Buying or Procurement. This is where a business identifies suppliers to provide the products and services that it needs to acquire in order to create and deliver its own service or product. Costs and terms of business are negotiated and agreed and contracts created. Thereafter the suppliers’ performance and future contractual arrangements will be managed in this area. This area of the business is sometimes referred to as purchasing, sometimes, procurement, buying, sourcing, etc. However, all titles relate to the acquisition of materials and services. The difference between purchasing and procurement is largely academic as, whilst there is a theoretical difference between them, businesses use the titles interchangeably for the two variations of activity. You will for example find manufacturing companies with purchasing departments that are actually doing procurement roles, and you will find service based organizations with 5 procurement departments but in fact doing purchasing roles. In its strictest definition purchasing is limited to the actual commercial transaction and no more, whilst procurement includes the wider elements of the acquisition, including logistics and performance management. Logistics In its strictest definition logistics refers to the movement of goods or materials, whether inbound, through, or outbound. In some manufacturing businesses forecasting and planning will be found within a logistics department, in other businesses logistics will be exclusively managing the movement and transportation of goods and materials. Operations Operations are a general management type activity ensuring that a business uses its resources effectively to meet its customer commitments. Usually referring to the conversion activity of the business, i. e. the point where the acquired resources and/or materials are converted into the product or service that the business is selling on to its customers. Inventory Management Sometimes found within Logistics Management, or Demand Planning or Operations, Inventory Management typically takes responsibility for both the replenishment of physical stock, the levels of physical stock, and of course storage and issue of physical stock. Stock may be materials and goods sourced from suppliers, work in progress, or finished goods awaiting sale/dispatch. Transport Transport management can involve the control of a company owned fleet of vehicles, collecting, moving, or delivering materials and goods, or managing transport services sourced from a 3rd party transport provider. Warehousing Like transport management, warehousing can involve the control of company warehouse space, or managing warehouse space sourced from 3rd party providers. 6 Distribution Distribution involves the physical distribution of the company’s products to the sub-distributor or directly to the customer base. Typically this is a combined transport and warehousing operation, responsible for storing and delivering products to meet the customer’s needs. Again this combined activity will often be placed with a 3rd party service provider who will control and implement the processes. Customer Service Most people do not recognize customer service as part of supply chain management, but it is in fact the final piece in the jigs aw. Having taken the business inputs, created and delivered a product or service, the final element is to check that the customers expectations were achieved, and manage any actions necessary to meet your customer obligations and commitments. Supply Chain Management System In Square: For any organization supply chain management communication process is very important. At present every company is trying to grab the latest supply chain management communication method to get the best benefit. Before going to discuss the supply chain management communication system of SQUARE I want to discuss a little about the company. An Overview Of SQUARE: The company was founded in 1958 by Samson H. Chowdhury along with three of his friends as a private firm. It went public in 1991 and is currently listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , the flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and it has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player.. The quality of SQUARE and environmental concerns are clearly stated through declared policies . In the year of 1992 it had only 80 million turnovers but in the year 2004 it was around 2400 million. 7 SQUARE has 3 Strategic Business Unit: Pharmaceuticals Consumer Brands Agro Business Crop Care Public Health Animal Health SQUARE has 4 subsidiaries: SQUARE Formulations Ltd. SQUARE Trading Ltd. Square Pharmaceuticals SQUARE consumer goods LTD 8 CORPORATE OPERATIONAL RESULT Figure in thousand : BDT 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 Turnover (Gross) 8,711,0357,085,553 6,199,1355,482,0885,482,088 Value Added Tax 1,210,223 995,648 867,088 760,536 663,892 Turnover (Net) 7,500,8116,089,905 5,332,0474,721,5524,065,851 Gross Profit 3,232,3642,564,503 2,172,5931,906,5921,466,282 Net Profit before Tax 1,722,9061,533,043 1,513,0191,151,636 929,604 Net Profit after Tax 1,303,2431,165,865 1,255,848 970,044 764,885 Shareholders Equity 7,333,2586,402,015 5,568,7904,590,1423,851,098 Total Assets 10,486,9409,298,987 7,907,9336,021,4975,164,320 Total Bank 2,536,5242,334,925 1,902,331 988,6111,070,163 Borrowings Total Current Assets 3,682,5114,031,685 3,242,5022,016,0561,441,552 Total Current 2,555,5662,260,755 1,949,9491,250,6761,247,967 Liabilities Current Ratio 1. 44 1. 78 1. 66 1. 62 1. 16 Source: www. SQUARE-bd. com Vision of SQUARE To realize the mission SQUARE will: 1. Endeavour to attain a position of leadership in each category of its businesses. 2. Attain a high level of productivity in all its operations through effective and efficient use of resources, adoption of appropriate technology and alignment with our core competencies. 3. Develop its employees by encouraging empowerment and rewarding innovation 4. Promote an environment for learning and personal growth of its employees 5. Provide products and services of high and consistent quality, ensuring value for money to its customers. 6. Encourage and assist in the qualitative improvement of the services of its suppliers and distributors. 7. Establish harmonious relationship with the community and promote greater environmental responsibility within its sphere of influence. 9 Value of SQUARE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Quality Customer Focus Fairness Transparency Continuous Improvement Mission of SQUARE SQUARE’s mission is to enrich the quality of life of people through responsible application of knowledge, skills and technology. SQUARE is committed to the pursuit of excellence through world-class products, innovative processes and empowered employees to provide the highest level of satisfaction to its customers. The Role Of Supply Chain Management Sharing Information For any organization Supply chain management and sharing information is the mortar that holds organizations and the entire knowledge. Without sharing, information could not be processed or exchanged; words and data would remain isolated facts. So it is easily understandable that the success of SQUARE depends a lot on their supply chain management system. The present success of SQUARE is the result of their successful supply chain management system. With the help of well organized SCM system SQUARE takes the satisfaction from their suppliers and also from the consumers. SQUARE can transmit properly what they are looking from the suppliers and marketers; SQUARE also makes a friendly environment with their sharing process. To tell about the role of sharing we can remember another example, when the Sara Lee Corporation wants to determine customer product satisfaction, it conducts a survey. The survey is useless, however, until the data are analyzed and the results shared to management. Only when words and data are translated into meaningful knowledge and shared to decision-makers do they become valuable to the economy. So it is very clear that role of sharing is very important for SQUARE. To supply the goods properly SQUARE uses their own logistics and transportation system. The Process Of Information Sharing And Its Barriers In SQUARE Sharing is the transmission of information and meaning from one individual or group to another. Sharing information has its central objective -The transmission of meaning. The process of sharing information is successful only when the receiver understands an idea as the sender intended it. Both parties must agree 10 not only on the information transmitted but also on the meaning of that information. Sending and Receiving Messages: In the process of sharing information in SQUARE involves five steps: Sender has idea: The sharing process of information in SQUARE begins, when the idea will be influenced by complex factors surrounding the sender: mood, frame of reference, background, culture, and the position or the dignity of the employees, as well as the context of the situation and many other factors. Usually SQUARE starts with Good morning, good evening. Sometimes SQUARE is also using Hi, Hello. Message to be sent Encoding Message Channel Message Receiver Message decoding Noise Feedback Source: www. SQUARE-bd. com Fig: The Communication Process Sender Encodes Idea in Message: The next step in the information sharing process involves encoding, converting the idea into words or gestures that will convey meaning. A major problem in sharing any message verbally is that words have different meanings for different people. When misunderstandings result from missing meanings, it’s called bypassing. In selecting proper symbols, senders must be alert to the receiver’s sharing skills, attitudes, background, experiences and culture. How will the selected words affect the receiver? To solve these sorts of problems SQUARE Chooses appropriate words or symbols is the first step. 11 Message travels over channel: The medium over which the message is physically transmitted is the channel. Messages are delivered by computer, telephone, letter, memorandum, report, announcement, picture, spoken word, fax, or through some other channel in SQUARE. Because sharing channels deliver both verbal and nonverbal messages, senders must choose the channel and shape the message carefully. SQUARE uses its annual report, for example, as a channel to deliver many messages to stockholders. The verbal message lies in the report’s financial and organizational news. Nonverbal messages, though, are conveyed by their appearance, layout, and tone. Receiver decodes message: The individual for whom the message is intended is the receiver. Translating the message from its symbol form into meaning involves decoding. Only when the receiver understands the meaning intended by the sender, that is, successfully decodes the message. Such success, however, is difficult to achieve because unlikely two people share the same life experiences and because many barriers can disrupt the process. In this case we can tell that in SQUARE a memo that refers to all the women in an office as â€Å"girls,† so it may disturb its receivers so much that they fail to comprehend the total message. Feedback travels to sender:. The verbal or nonverbal response of the receiver is feedback. Feedback helps the sender know that the message was received and understood. If as a receiver you hear the message â€Å"How are you†: your feedback might consist of words (â€Å"I’m fine†) or body language (a smile or a wave of the hand). SQUARE is always trying to avoid the feedback from body language as in our culture it is not fair. Function of information in the sector of Supply Chain Management in SQUARE: Functions: On the job one can share information internally and externally. Internally, SQUARE is exchanging ideas with superiors, coworkers, and subordinates. When these messages must be written, SQUARE chooses emails or a printed memorandum. When SQUARE is sharing information externally with customers, suppliers, government, and the public, SQUARE will generally send letters on company stationery. 12 Internal functions in SQUARE: 1. Issue and classify procedures and policies 2. Inform management of progress 3. Persuade employees or management to make changes improvements 4. Coordinate activities and provide assistance 5. Evaluate, compliment, reward, and discipline employees 6. Get to know individuals personally or External functions in SQUARE: 1. Answer inquiries about products of services 2. Persuade customers to buy products or services 3. Clarify supplier specifications and quality requirements 4. Issue credit and collect bills 5. Respond to regulatory agencies 6. Promote a positive image of the organization Flow Of Informention Sharing Selecting the best process for sharing information form demands some understanding of how messages and information flow through organizations. Both formal and informal sharing channels exist. A free exchange of information helps SQUARE to solve problems , cut costs , better serve the public and take full advantage of today’s knowledge workers. All the following channels are used in SQUARE with the demand of situation, Formal channels: Formal channels of sharing information generally follow an organization’s hierarchy of command. Whether an organization has developed such a sharing policy or not, official information among workers typically flows through formal channels in three directions: downward, upward, and horizontally. 1. Downward Flow: Information flowing down generally moves from decision – makers, including the CEO and managers, through the chain of command to employees. One problem in downward communication is distortion resulting from long lines of communication. 13 CEO 1. Upward flow: Information flowing upward provides feedback from employees to management. Ideally, the heaviest flow of information should be upward with information being fed steadily to decision-makers who can react and adjust quickly. Lower Level Employee 2. Horizontal Flow: Lateral channels transmit information horizontally among workers at the same level, such as between the training supervisor and maintenance supervisor. These channels enable individuals to coordinate tasks share information, solve problems, and resolve conflicts. 3. Informal Channels: Not all the information within an organization passes through formal channels; often, it travels in informal channels is called the grapevine. These channels are based on social relationships in which individuals talk about work when they are having lunch, jogging. Employees using the â€Å"Grapevine† also consider it valuable for two reasons: a. Employees can get information without formally having to admit that they need it. b. Employees can â€Å"think out loud† about problems, thus increasing their selfconfidence and problem-solving ability. 14 The grapevine has three main characteristics: First, management does not control it. Second, it is perceived by most employees as being more believable and reliable than the formal communiques issued by top management and third, it is largely used to serve the self-interests of the people within it. At present there is a change in the flow of sharing information. Now we can define the above three flow in different way, Chain SQUARE is not following this method now. Wheel SQUARE is not following this channel also. All Channel 15 SQUARE is trying to follow this channel though SQUARE can not implement this channel completely in their organization. This the best flow of sharing information channel for any organization. Recommendation for the Supply Chain Management and communication system of SQUARE: Though SQUARE is trying to follow the best method to maintain supply chain management and communicate, SQUARE has some problems. The recommendations for the problems are as follows, 1. SQUARE follows all the channels of communication in their organization downwards and upwards and the employee can switch off any hierarchy in the immediate situation, which is the great advantage for communication. But the company does not follow the specific method of the letter and memo writing. They follow a single method to write the memo and letter, which may confuse the employees, and the external people who are related to the companies continue operation (Suppliers, customer etc. ). Because memo is written for the employees and letters are written for the external people like suppliers and customers. So, SQUARE should follow the traditional method to write the letters and memo. 2. SQUARE follows LAN in the organization’s computer systems. But they don’t use the Intranet in the system, which is a great disadvantage for the organization because anybody from the company can access another to the company’s restricted web site . So, SQUARE should introduce intranet in their company. 3. SQUARE cannot follow the all channel method totally. As a result it is not getting the 100% benefit of all channel method . So; SQUARE should try to implement it as early as possible. 4. SQUARE has not yet introduced extranet facilities for the suppliers. As a result the suppliers cannot get enough information about the companies or organizations demand. So, SQUARE should introduce extranet in their company 5. SQUARE should give more concentration to improve the quality of workers in the floor of Shopno. Because, they are the person who directly deals with the people suppliers directly. Which is very much important for maintaining supply chain management. 16 6. SQUARE also should be more concern about their transportation system for the supply. Because, they usually bring their agro based products from the very rural area. Their roads are not that much standard. So beside, trucks and covered van they also should take care of the transport which can be used on water. Refrigerating system is also important. Conclusion The request for excellent communication skills is probably the most frequently seen requirement in job ads today. Employers and employees alike consistently rank communication skills at the top of the job skills list. Even in technical fields, communication skills are demanded. The chief executives of corporations spend huge sums of money on trainers and consultants to improve employees’ supply chain management skills. Organizations value these skills because good organizations successfully (1) Make money (2) Save money. Good communicators make money by performing well themselves and by motivating others to achieve. They are persuasive in promoting the organization’s products, services, and reputation. Employees, too, appreciate the value of excellent communication skills. Such abilities enable them to complete their work efficiently and effectively – and to earn recognition and advancement. As individuals ascend the career ladder, oral and written communication skills become more important than technical skills. That’s because managers spend most of the time communicating-supervising, delegating, evaluating, clarifying, and interacting. Even though writing on the job is an important skill, myths and misconceptions about it persist. So I think not only SQUARE every organization should emphasize on the proper way of communication.

Defining Psychoborg Through Michael Jackson Morimura Essay Example

Defining Psychoborg Through Michael Jackson Morimura Essay Defining Psychoborg through Michael Jackson Morimura As an artist, one’s art may be used to depict emotion, used as an outlet for expression, or even to convey a distinctive message. Whether this may be appreciative or analytical in its purpose, Yasumasa Morimura’s depiction of the pop-icon, Michael Jackson, are certainly radical in his piece Psychoborg, from 1994. As a matter of fact, there is a clear resemblance between Michael Jackson and Yasumasa Morimura himself because he uses his art in order to identify himself and construct the Other, distinguish a transformation to create a multifaceted disposition, and creates no divergence between culture, race, and gender. In his works, the Japanese artist, Yasumasa Morimura, incorporates images of himself inserted into other famous western paintings and photographs using the computer. In this particular piece, he uses a photograph of Michael Jackson in three different poses, and inserts his face into each one. By doing so, Morimura is removing himself from his own body, characteristics, and identity, which in return embody the disposition of Michael Jackson himself. The composition being divided into 3 distinct parts, well divided into the general rule of thirds, also creates balance amongst the 3 characters depicted in this photograph. It allows for the viewer to be able to distinctively notice three different dimensions in the main character. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Psychoborg Through Michael Jackson Morimura specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Psychoborg Through Michael Jackson Morimura specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Psychoborg Through Michael Jackson Morimura specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The first pose (starting from left to right) being a photograph of something superhuman which distinguishes both Morimura and Michael Jackson as individuals with animal qualities and symbolize the embodiment of someone or something other than himself. In the second pose, we see Morimura and his hands firm in a rigged pose, however his face is relaxed, seeming solitary and calm. And in the third pose featuring the character as â€Å"the freak† refers to both â€Å"Morimura and Michael Jackson as â€Å"cyborgs† rather than humans. Similarly to Michael Jackson’s Thriller video, â€Å"it is the tale of the double, the man with two selves and two souls. † Subsequently, this explains that Michael Jackson, which very similarly to Morimura, both utilize artistic methods in order to identify their Other. Through this piece, we can see that Morimura dissects his individuality and identity while placing it into another individual helps indentify himself as a charact er with dual personalities and multiple dimensions. As Joonsung Yoon states, â€Å"his artwork reveals that photography is able to deconstruct and reconstruct his own self in a new way which constitutes and realizes the self, and of our contemporary way of seeing our own absence. † We can see that Morimura uses his artwork to draw similarities between his subject(s), Michael Jackson(s), in which he is able to distinguish and establish his â€Å"Other†. As well, the photograph being black and white provides high contrast and distinction within the image. This allows the viewer to be able to differentiate the background from the 3 characters themselves, which draws attention to the rigged poses of the 3 characters. This also suggests that the one character, both Michael Jackson and Yasumasa Morimura, are in or are experiencing transformation. As this piece depicts, Morimura and Michael Jackson both being: creatures, calm, and freaks as well. The artist, Morimura believes that adaptability and flexibility are both important characteristics that both he and Michael Jackson both posses. In fact, the artist even â€Å"explained his intentions by saying he believed all people had a common desire for transformation. † By showing the different stages through diverse and contrasting poses in this piece, the viewer is able to understand the transition of the transformation in both Morimura and Michael Jackson; Morimura specifically because he is literally in transformation through his portrait being inserted into another mans body in this photograph. Michael Jackson, however, shows this through his variety of expressions figuratively through his poses. Therefore, through the transition of different poses displayed in Morimura’s piece, Psychoborg, it is clear that both individuals have numerous and diverse attributes, which are identified through transformation in his piece. In the piece Psychoborg, Morimura also breaks the barriers between race, gender, and culture. Yasumasa Morimura being of Japanese origin, places himself in the body form of an African American man, which transcends racial segregations. Joonsung Yoon expresses how Morimura â€Å"shuttles back and forth between Eastern and Western cultures. One side of the piece identifies the Western culture through the character’s outfit and attire. The piece also suggests Western cultural fragments because it is not a painting nor was it derived from a painting. The piece represents change within traditional Western art including paintings and drawings into a more radical contemporary movement, which include technological integrations from the computer. Morimura also chooses to incorporate himself into a worldly Western pop icon. Through this, he distinguishes no real distinction because he intertwines and incorporates both the Eastern and Western culture, virtually meshing them into one. Morimura transgresses his cultural territories from East to West†¦however, Morimura is not a Westerner but an Easterner. † Through the combining of a Japanese man into an African American man’s body, we can understand the integration between cultures and races. Yasumasa Morimura’s Psychoborg is a clear depiction drawing the similarities between Michael Jackson and Morimura. Morimura’s piece is extremely effective because the message presented to the viewer take on both the literal and figurative form. Through the incorporation of his own face into the body of another man, he uses his piece to identify his characteristics, and his identity, show a transformation through the multiple poses presented in the piece, and challenge cultural and racial differences between Western and Eastern cultures. Works Cited Margo, Jefferson. On Michael Jackson. New York: Random House, 2006. Morimura, Yasumasa. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2009, Encyclopedia Britannica. 28 Oct. 2009 . Yoon, Joonsung. â€Å"SEEING HIS OWN ABSENCE: Culture and Gender in Yasumasa Morimura’s Photographic Self-Portraits. † Journal of Visual Art Practice 2001. 28 Oct. 2009 .

Free Essays on Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive and chronic disease. The passageways in many of the body’s organs, especially the lungs and the pancreas become clogged as a result of this disease. The passageways become clogged because mucus in the body because thick, dry and sticky. People with cystic fibrosis only have an average life expectancy of about 30 years. This is mainly a result of the complications of the disease. In the lungs, it can cause serious breathing problems and in the pancreas, it can result in malnutrition and corresponding problems in growth and development. Cystic fibrosis is a type of genetic disorder. This type of genetic disorder is known as an autosomal recessive disease. This means that to have the disease, a person must inherit a certain gene from both of their biological parents. If a person inherits the gene from only one parent, he or she is only classed as a carrier. This means that the person carries the gene for this disease, but does not suffer from the effects of the disease itself. If someone has received the gene from both of their parents, than this defect that occurs causes problems with the way salt and water move in and out of mucus-producing cells in the body, which causes the mucus to become thick, dry and sticky. Things such as the environment, diet, exercise or other external factors do not cause CF. It is not contagious so it can only be passed from one person to another through inheritance. Cystic fibrosis is usually diagnosed during childhood. Some babies who have the disease may show signs of it immediately but other may not develop symptoms until later on in their lives. The first respiratory symptom of CF is a cough. This will most develop into a repetitive cycle between lung infection and inflammation. This cycle results in lung damage, and as this increases, things such as shortness of breath occur and it becomes harder for the individual to exercise. This lu... Free Essays on Cystic Fibrosis Free Essays on Cystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive and chronic disease. The passageways in many of the body’s organs, especially the lungs and the pancreas become clogged as a result of this disease. The passageways become clogged because mucus in the body because thick, dry and sticky. People with cystic fibrosis only have an average life expectancy of about 30 years. This is mainly a result of the complications of the disease. In the lungs, it can cause serious breathing problems and in the pancreas, it can result in malnutrition and corresponding problems in growth and development. Cystic fibrosis is a type of genetic disorder. This type of genetic disorder is known as an autosomal recessive disease. This means that to have the disease, a person must inherit a certain gene from both of their biological parents. If a person inherits the gene from only one parent, he or she is only classed as a carrier. This means that the person carries the gene for this disease, but does not suffer from the effects of the disease itself. If someone has received the gene from both of their parents, than this defect that occurs causes problems with the way salt and water move in and out of mucus-producing cells in the body, which causes the mucus to become thick, dry and sticky. Things such as the environment, diet, exercise or other external factors do not cause CF. It is not contagious so it can only be passed from one person to another through inheritance. Cystic fibrosis is usually diagnosed during childhood. Some babies who have the disease may show signs of it immediately but other may not develop symptoms until later on in their lives. The first respiratory symptom of CF is a cough. This will most develop into a repetitive cycle between lung infection and inflammation. This cycle results in lung damage, and as this increases, things such as shortness of breath occur and it becomes harder for the individual to exercise. This lu...

Leadership theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership theories - Research Paper Example Leadership is ever green immortal and probably the most talked about topic. Perhaps the reason of its immortality is its relevance to our lives not only professional or business but personal and social life as well.It will not be an overstatement to say that leadership is that life-enriching and vital experiences which is crucial for our existence. Its scope is very vast which cannot be restricted to a single task, job, role or a certain organizational level. In this paper I will discuss in detail what is leadership? Different accepted styles of leadership, theories of leadership their merits and demerits and what was the need for the new theory to evaluate. It will basically be a comparative study of the two theories of leadership. What is leadership? Leadership is very vital and its importance is widely accepted. In order to understand fully different theories of leadership we first need to have a clear picture of what leadership is all about. It may sound simple but in fact leader ship is a very complex and complicated social process which depends not only the ways of thinking, vision, creativity, knowledge, skills characteristics and values of the leader but also the followers. Leadership is not all about aura and charisma of a person but a good leader is one who can see the clear picture of the present understands it’s various aspects and through his vision can guide its followers to the bright future. Good leadership (V.Gallos, 2008)is emotional; it compels drives and motivates you to achieve something. It is a continuous process of building and maintaining the relationship between the follower and the leader. In its spirit it is multidimensional which encompasses different skills, vision, process, map, issues, organization levels, cultures, policies, practices and issues. A good leader has to pass the test of time banking on the strengths and minimizing weaknesses while materializing the opportunities and avoiding the threats in the environment wit hout overreliance on any single person or process. Leadership Theories In the twentieth century theories about leadership started to evolve. Classical theories of leadership were based on traits of the leaders such remained the case for about thirty years and then it evolved to behavioral theory of leadership. There are basically six types of theories of leadership. Trait based leadership Contingency leadership Behavioral leadership Participative leadership Transactional leadership Transformational leadership All these theories concentrate only on the leader and do not take into account followers. It was observed that all these theories actually led to a prototypical leader. All the leaders were supposed to have a typical defined set of qualities, characteristics and a set of accepted and laudable behavior. This stereo type leader was a male white. These theories ignored diversity both in the gender and racial sense. According to different studies conducted these leadership theories had many biases. This will be discussed in detail below. Leader Categorization First of all we have to determine what we exactly mean by leader Categorization. Leader categorization theory (George R. Geothals, 2006) says that there are widely accepted and shared beliefs and perceptions about leaders their traits their behavior. Followers have specific and fixed views about general and specific task based upon preconceived ideas and notions about how a leader should be. It includes personal traits such as openness, active, initiator, visionary, focused, determined, interested,